| Disease | TWENTY-NINE HYPERLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS (22 MEN AND 7 POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN) COMPLETED TWO 3-WEEK TREATMENT PERIODS IN A RANDOMIZED, CROSSOVER TRIAL. SUBJECTS WERE GIVEN MUFFINS THAT CONTRIBUTED -20 G FIBER/D FROM EITHER FLAXSEED (=50 G PARTIALLY
DEFATTED FLAXSEED/D) OR WHEAT BRAN (CONTROL) WHILE THEY CONSUMED SELF-SELECTED NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PROGRAM STEP II DIETS. BOTH MUFFINS HAD SIMILAR MACRONUTRIENT PROFILES. TREATMENT PHASES WERE SEPARATED BY > 2 WK. PARTIALLY DEFFATED
FLAXSEED REDUCED TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (4.6 + 1.2%; P = 0.001), LDL CHOLESTEROL (7.6 + 1.8%; P< 0.001), APOLIPOPROTEIN B (5.4 + 1.4% ; P=0.001), AND APOLIPOPROTEIN A-1 (5.8 + 1.9%; P=0.005), BUT HAD NO EFFECT ON SERUM LIPOPROTEIN RATIOS AT WEEK 3
COMPARED WITH THE CONROL, THERE WERE NO SIFNIFICANT EFFECTS ON SERUM HDL CHOLESTEROL, SERUM PROTEIN CARBONYL CONTENT, OR EX VIVO ANDROGEN OR PROGESTIN ACTIVITY AFTER EITHER TREATMENT. UNEXPECTEEDLY, SERUM PROTEIN THIOL GROUPS WERE
SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER (10.8 + 3.6%; P=0.007) AT WEEK 3 AFTER THE FLAXSEED TREATMENT THAN AFTER THE CONTROL, SUGGESTING INCREASED OXIDATION. |