| Disease | 19 FAMILIES CONSUMED DIETARY STANOL ESTER FOR 3 MONTHS. STANOL ESTER MARGARINE IS REPORTED TO LOWER SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL BY INHIBITING CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION. EACH INDIVIDUAL IN THE STUDY REPLACED PART OF HIS OR HER DAILY DIETARY FAT WITH 25 G OF
80% RAPESEED OIL MARGARINE CONTAINING STANOL ESTERS (2.24 G/D STANOLS, MAINLY SITOSTANOL). THE FAMILIES WHO CONSUMED THIS MARGARINE FOR 12 WEEKS INCLUDED 24 CHILDREN, AGED 3 TO 13 YEARS, WITH THE NORTH KARELIA VARIANT OF FH(FH-NK), 4 FH-NK
PARENTS, AND 16 HEALTHY FAMILY MEMBERS, AND A SEPARATE GROUP OF 12 ADULTS WHO CONSUMED THE MARGARINE FOR 6 WEEKS AND WHO WERE ON SIMVASTATIN THERAPY(20 OR 40 MG/D). FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS WERE MEARSURED BY HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
AND CHOLESTEROL PRECURSOR STEROLS (INDEXES OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS) AND CHOLESTANOL AND PLANT STEROLS (INDEXES OF CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY) WERE ASSAYED BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. NO SIDE EFFECTS OCCURRED. SERUM LDL CHOLESTEROL
LEVELS WERE REDUCED BY 18% (P<0.001), 11%, 12% (P<0.001), AND 20% (P<0.001) IN THE 4 GROUPS, RESPECTIVELY. THE SERUM CAMPESTEROL-TO-CHOLESTEROL RATIOS FELL BY 31% (P<0.001), 29%, 23% (P<0.001), AND 36% (P<0.001), RESPECTIVELY, SUGGESTING THAT
CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY WAS INHIBITED. SERUM LATHOSTEROL RATIOS WERE ELEVATED BY 38% (P<0.001), 11%, 15% (P<0.001), AND 19% (P<0.001), RESPECTIVELY, SUGESTING THAT CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS WAS COMPENSATORILY UPREGULATED. THE FH-NK
CHILDREN INCREASED THEIR SERUM LATHOSTEROL RATIO MORE THAN DID THE FH-NK ADULTS TREATED WITH STANOL ESTER MARGARINE AND SIMVASTATIN (P<0.001). IN THE FH-NK CHILDREN, SERUM RETINOL CONCENTRATION AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL-TO CHOLESTEROL RATIOS WERE
UNCHANGED BY STANOL ESTER MARGARINE, BUT ALPHA- AND BETA-CAROTENE CONCENTRATIONS AND RATIOS WERE DECREASED. |